{"id":347,"date":"2014-04-06T19:38:02","date_gmt":"2014-04-06T19:38:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nouvelleresearch.j96fp4es-liquidwebsites.com\/2014\/04\/06\/respiratory-disease-in-the-horse\/"},"modified":"2021-07-25T12:36:08","modified_gmt":"2021-07-25T17:36:08","slug":"respiratory-disease-in-the-horse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nouvelleresearch.com\/index.php\/articles\/347-respiratory-disease-in-the-horse","title":{"rendered":"Respiratory Disease in the Horse"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">Anyone that has owned a horse has probably experienced respiratory disease in some shape or fashion. \u00a0Much the same as humans, horses are prone to developing upper respiratory infections due to viral and bacterial invasion, but the two most common and troubling conditions affecting horses in today&#8217;s industry is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (reactive airway disease) and exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH). \u00a0Being a veterinarian working on horses, I have certainly encountered my fair share of COPD patients as well as EIPH athletes and feel a times that these conditions are becoming more prevalent.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">The respiratory tract plays a vital role in health and performance as well as day to day activity. \u00a0In the horse, air is taken in through the nasal passages, down the trachea and into the lungs were carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen to fuel cells. \u00a0Any problems encountered during this course of airflow can impact oxygen flow to the body, overall performance and quality of life.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Common Respiratory Problems:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\"><strong>Upper Respiratory Infections:<\/strong> \u00a0Often very similar to those found in people and pets, these problems are generally linked to various bacteria and viruses, including influenza and EHV. \u00a0The typical signs include febrile illness, coughing and nasal discharge. \u00a0These conditions are often viewed as being very contagious between horses, thus management and hygiene are paramount. \u00a0Treatment generally is supportive in nature with a high morbidity rate and low mortality. \u00a0In some cases of cloudy nasal discharge, antibiotics will be implemented to help clear the infection. \u00a0In those cases where the nasal discharge is clear in color, antibiotic usage is generally not warranted unless a secondary bacteria becomes a problem.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\"><strong>Laryngeal Paralysis:<\/strong> \u00a0This problem is more an acquired issue or genetic problem, often found in race horses. \u00a0Here we have a problem in the larynx, which is the back of the throat and entrance to the trachea or windpipe. \u00a0In terms of anatomy, we all have vocal folds which open and close the opening to the trachea, allowing air in and closing when swallowing in order to prevent food from entering the airway. \u00a0In cases of laryngeal paralysis, one of the folds fails to open partially or fully, leading to a restriction in the air flow and a &#8216;roaring&#8217; type of noise upon inspiration. \u00a0This is why most of these horses are referred to as &#8220;roarers&#8221;. \u00a0The condition can be genetic or acquired, often linked with nerve damage in the neck region possibly due to improper injection technique in some instances. \u00a0Treatment is generally surgical in nature through a technique called a &#8216;tie back&#8217; in which the fold is permanently left in an open position. \u00a0The downside to this procedure is that those horses are then more prone to aspiration pneumonia due to inhalation of food stuff into the airway.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\"><strong>EIPH:<\/strong> \u00a0Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage is a condition of exact unknown cause but it thought to be linked to excessive pulmonary or lung pressures, leading to rupture of small blood vessels within the lung tissue upon extreme exertion. \u00a0The condition is commonly associated with racehorses, but can be seen in any discipline with those horses that are predisposed to it. \u00a0Treatment is often viewed as supportive with the most common medication being used called Lasix\u00ae, which is a diuretic. \u00a0The theory is that with use of the diuretic, water volume is lost as urine and thus blood pressures are lowered, reducing the incidence. \u00a0For many horses, diuretic usage helps but does not fully control the problem.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\"><strong>I.A.D:<\/strong> \u00a0Inflammatory airway disease is a common problem, especially in young upcoming race horses. It is an inflammatory condition of the lower airways, again with an unknown cause but thought to be linked with a previous viral infection or even antigen stimulation (dust) in the environment. \u00a0In I.A.D, many times the horses exhibit ongoing coughing plus or minus a discharge. \u00a0Often the airways are irritated sufficiently enough to cause them to close up, which then inflicts performance problems due to restricted airflow and oxygen distribution. \u00a0Treatment is often supportive by using antibiotics and corticosteroids if needed.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\"><strong>C.O.P.D (RAO):<\/strong> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or recurrent airway obstruction is a common problem in some horses and breeds. \u00a0This condition is not far removed from typical asthma seen in people and is characterized by an ongoing inflammatory response within the airways, leading to airway constriction or narrowing in addition to a buildup of mucous like debris. \u00a0The condition often becomes prevalent during high antigen times of the year, including spring and summer, with more quiet times during the fall and winter. \u00a0Unfortunately, the condition is recurrent and with each flare up, continued damage is done to the lung tissue, which makes the problem more and more difficult to manage. \u00a0Typical therapies include environmental control, steroid usage and various medications to open up the airways.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Causes and Impact:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">As with any condition, from my point of view, we need to look at the common denominator and see if there is anything we can do to help better manage those problems. \u00a0In the case of upper respiratory infections, any horse is predisposed, but it seems that some are more likely to develop problems than others. \u00a0It is no different than with kids or adults, some people just seem to be more sick, more often than others. \u00a0The question is is &#8220;why&#8221;? \u00a0More than likely it is some sort of immune dysfunction, which opens the door for infection. \u00a0In many cases of performance horses, the dysfunction is a result of stress. \u00a0Given this, there are two things that we can potentially manage; immune health and stress reduction. \u00a0In those cases, we will often use our <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/nouvelleresearch.com\/index.php\/product\/cur-ost-eq-immune-full-spectrum\">EQ Immune Full Spectrum<\/a><\/span> and couple it with our <a href=\"index.php\/products\/equine-formulas\/curost-eq-adapt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">EQ Adapt<\/a> formula if stress is a problem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">In cases of E.I.P.H, we have found great value is the use of our <a href=\"index.php\/products\/equine-formulas\/cur-ost-eq-plus\">EQ Plus<\/a> formula, helping to reduce the incidence and also often reducing the needed dosage of diuretics. \u00a0The reason for this is that in human research data, there are indications that not only are there elevated pressures, but there is an underlying weakness of the blood vessel lining, often attributed to inflammation and oxidative stress. \u00a0This weakness then makes the vessel less likely to hold up to elevated pressures. \u00a0If we control the inflammatory response properly and manage oxidative stress, then it is possible that we can secondarily improve blood vessel health. \u00a0Our <a href=\"index.php\/products\/equine-formulas\/cur-ost-eq-total-support\">EQ Total Support <\/a>formula also may prove beneficial as this product not only helps to manage inflammation, but uses herbs including dandelion that have shown to possess diuretic type properties.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">Those horses with I.A.D have shown beneficial responses to a double combination approach through the use of <a href=\"index.php\/products\/equine-formulas\/cur-ost-eq-plus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">EQ Plus<\/a> and the <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/nouvelleresearch.com\/index.php\/product\/cur-ost-eq-immune-full-spectrum\">EQ Immune Full Spectrum<\/a><\/span><a href=\"index.php\/products\/equine-formulas\/cur-ost-immune-support-tissue-repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00a0<\/a>formula. \u00a0Here again, we are not only enhancing or managing the immune response, but managing the inflammation behind the restriction of the airways.\u00a0 Another option in the typical IAD equine patient is the <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/nouvelleresearch.com\/index.php\/product\/cur-ost-eq-stomach\">EQ Stomach<\/a><\/span> blend.\u00a0 Many of these IAD horses have a dry airway and a dry cough, which further creates irritation.\u00a0 They have little to no discharge regarding phlegm.\u00a0 The EQ Stomach formula contains high levels of Marshmallow and Aloe, which both soothe and moisturize the body and specifically benefit the airways.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">C.O.P.D has proven to be a tough situation to handle in most horses and is best managed in early stages before lung damage occurs. \u00a0In our patients, we have found the best benefits by using our <a href=\"index.php\/products\/equine-formulas\/cur-ost-eq-total-support\">EQ Total Support <\/a>formula, which addresses inflammation and helps to dry up mucous accumulation through the diuretic effects of dandelion. \u00a0In many cases of allergies, the root cause is thought to be linked to digestion and gut health. \u00a0The EQ Total Support helps to improve gut health through the action of many herbs and in one of our research trials, over 80% of patients benefited with improved quality of health within a short period of time. \u00a0In other patients, or those that fail to respond to the EQ Total Support, we have had good results by combining our EQ Plus and the EQ Immune Full Spectrum. \u00a0The EQ Immune formula can also be combined with the EQ Total Support for enhanced immune support.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">In my practice, I have conducted several field trials evaluating inflammation and oxidative stress in a variety of conditions affecting horses. \u00a0What I have found is that in many of these conditions there is a definite inflammatory component which is also accompanied by oxidative stress. \u00a0Now, one has to remember that the basics of oxidative stress is that there is an abundance of free radicals generated which can result in cellular damage. \u00a0In most cases, the free radicals are neutralized per se by the presence of antioxidants. \u00a0What I feel is occurring is that either these horses are not consuming enough antioxidants or the right combination of antioxidants or they are experiencing an overwhelming level of free radicals that is quickly depleting the stores. \u00a0I believe that one of the most important aspects of these conditions to address is the inflammation, which I don&#8217;t feel is being addressed adequately with today&#8217;s therapies. \u00a0Race and competition horses are under a tremendous amount of physical and mental strain, which can contribute to inflammation levels. \u00a0Those horses afflicted by COPD are generally systemically inflamed in my opinion, in which we are just seeing the evidence manifested in the respiratory disease. \u00a0Today&#8217;s therapies are helping to control a small percentage of these patients and given this, we must ask what more can be done especially considering the potential side effects of the medications being used. \u00a0In the race horse industry and other disciplines, medication debates are constantly being raised. \u00a0We need to seek out other viable options not only in terms of therapies, but to also potentially use as preventative to improve the health of these animals. \u00a0What we are seeing clinically is a direct manifestation of what is occurring deep within and a sign of imbalance to one degree or another.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">In the end, I do believe that we can impact the course of many clinical respiratory problems in the horse, helping to make them more manageable and improve the quality of life for the patient. \u00a0There may not be one answer to every solution, but if we keep playing, an answer is always there.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">Just my thoughts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">Tom Schell, D.V.M.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">Nouvelle Research, Inc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">www.nouvelleresearch.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;\">Anyone that has owned a horse has probably experienced respiratory disease in some shape or fashion. &nbsp;Much the same as humans, horses are prone to developing upper respiratory infections due to viral and bacterial invasion, but the two most common and troubling conditions affecting horses in today&#8217;s industry is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (reactive airway disease) and exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH). &nbsp;Being a veterinarian working on horses, I have certainly encountered my fair share of COPD patients as well as EIPH athletes and feel a times that these conditions are becoming more prevalent.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2524,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"enabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":null,"stick-header-meta":null,"header-above-stick-meta":null,"header-main-stick-meta":null,"header-below-stick-meta":null,"astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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